The Great Actresses: The Roundup

Check out all of the posts for The Great Actresses Theme Week here.

Louise Brooks: A Feminist Ahead of Her Time by Victoria Negri

Brooks and her characters were powerful women, fighting for control of their lives. In Roger Ebert’s review of Pandora’s Box, he states, “Life cannot permit such freedom, and so Brooks, in her best films, is ground down—punished for her joy.” Her real life mirrored her characters, often being punished for her freedom and feminist power.


Ellen Page Is Like the Coolest Actress We Know, And She Doesn’t Even Have to Try by Angelina Rodriguez

Page explained that she has a sense of responsibility that compels her to be honest and ethical as a person and a public figure. This same integrity will help her to continue her dedication to playing strong, interesting, dimensional characters that speak to young women. She sets her standards high with her roles and looks for stories with uniqueness, depth, and a message.

The Unfinished Legacy of Pam Grier by Leigh Kolb

Grier’s legacy has lasted over four decades, but there’s something about her career that leaves me feeling unsettled, as if her filmography is indicative of larger (backward) social trends. She started out headlining action films–an amazing feat for a woman, much less a black woman in the early 1970s. A glance at a few of these films show incredibly feminist themes that are incredibly rare 40 years later. Her early films were groundbreaking, but nothing much was built after that ground was broken.


Writer-director Pedro Almodóvar was able to ride the wave of art house popularity starting in the 80s when theaters were more likely to program subtitled films. He came to prominence in no small part because of his star, Carmen Maura who first gained the attention of U.S. audiences in ‘Law of Desire,’ Almodóvar’s 1987 film, as Tina, the transsexual actress who is the sister of the main character, the gay director Pablo (Eusebio Poncela).

From the feminist angle, Streep’s mold-breaking of the representation of women and her mark on scripts probably adds to her greatness in a way we can never completely measure because we can’t track it. One particular example worth mentioning is that the script for ‘Kramer vs. Kramer’ did not originally explain why Joanna Kramer wants to leave Ted (Dustin Hoffman) and she fought the director Robert Benton on the script until the character is allowed to say why herself.


To say that Harris is a revelation in this film may be an understatement. It not only prepared her to tackle the complex layers of Winnie Madikizela a few years later, but it also proved yet again that she is able to take on a variety of different roles–from heroic to villainous. She solidified a sci-fi fan base with her totally badass performance in 28 Days Later, showed that she can steal scenes from 007 himself, and continues to surprise audiences in roles across all genres.


Another Side of Marilyn Monroe by Gabriella Apicella

Her return to Hollywood in the film version of William Inge’s play Bus Stop was again a chance to shun the glamorous armour of her gold-digger characters, to explore the role of a downtrodden saloon singer with ambitions above her abilities. Not only did her performance stun the film’s director, Joshua Logan, who called her the greatest actress he ever worked with, but it also left critics in no doubt as to her ability.


Pre-Code Hollywood: When the Female Anti-Hero Reigned by Leigh Kolb

We agonize over the lack of female anti-heroes in film and television as if women have never been afforded the opportunity to be good and bad on screen. It clearly wasn’t always this way. And in a time when the regurgitated remake rules Hollywood, perhaps it’s time for producers to dust off some old scripts from the 1920s and 1930s so we can get some fresh, progressive stories about women on screen.


Read more about them. Watch their films. Remember who and what has been too easily forgotten.


Great Kate: A Woman for All Ages by Natalia Lauren Fiore

Most of the nine films Kate and Spence did together feature battle-of-the-sex plots which, at certain points, blurred or even reversed the roles women and men typically played in marital or committed relationships. These plots suited Kate’s life-long image of herself as inhabiting both female and male traits, particularly in the wake of her older brother’s tragic death.


Reflections On A Feminist Icon by Rachael Johnson

Possessing mass and cult appeal, the bilingual, Yale-educated Jodie Foster has, moreover, been popular with both mainstream and indie audiences. Although the adult Foster fulfills conventional ideals of female beauty, she has never been a traditional Hollywood sex symbol. She has been both a figure of identification and desire. In many of her roles, she personifies female independence, heroism and resistance. As an actress, she brings a naturalism, intensity and integrity to her performances. She engages audiences both intellectually and emotionally.


Whatshername as a Great Actress: A Celebration of Character Actresses by Elizabeth Kiy

Stop me if you’ve heard this one. A young woman–poised, talented, above all enthusiastic–performs a scene in acting class and is praised by the teacher. The teacher can’t say enough good things about the student, but the main thing she keeps going back to is, “I think you’d be a wonderful character actress!” Now, the student can’t help but beam about this, seeing a brilliant career flashing before her, her name up in lights. She steps back into the group and the woman sitting beside her whispers in her ear, “That’s what they call an actress who isn’t pretty.”

Louise Brooks: A Feminist Ahead of Her Time

Brooks and her characters were powerful women, fighting for control of their lives. In Roger Ebert’s review of ‘Pandora’s Box,’ he states, “Life cannot permit such freedom, and so Brooks, in her best films, is ground down—punished for her joy.” Her real life mirrored her characters; often being punished for her freedom and feminist power.

Louise Brooks
Louise Brooks

 

This guest post by Victoria Negri appears as part of our theme week on The Great Actresses.

When you think of a flapper, what do you see? The iconic image is a woman with a long dress, often accompanied by long beads and that famous hair cut – a short, slicked bob curled against the face along the cheek bones.

The flapper image was cultivated by the silent film star Louise Brooks through her most famous character, Lulu. Forgotten for years, more attention has been paid to Brooks recently, after her films were rediscovered and re-popularized. This star, whose career ended far too abruptly, deserves much more credit than she’s been given as a trailblazer for feminism and the portrayal of female sexuality onscreen. At the same time, she was a pioneer of naturalistic acting, predating Marlon Brando and James Dean by decades.

Understanding a traumatic event from Brooks’ early life gives shape and context to her career as a performer. As a child growing up in Kansas, Brooks was sexually assaulted by a neighbor. Later, her mother blamed the incident on her. This may be the first instance of Brooks being demonized for speaking out. Needing protection from her mother, she instead received blame. Her most famous characters, especially in Pandora’s Box (1929)  and Diary of a Lost Girl (1929), were young women who were punished for behaving in a way that was counter to societal expectations.

In Diary of a Lost Girl, flowers in her hair
In Diary of a Lost Girl, flowers in her hair

 

She showed her defiance throughout her Hollywood career. At the beginning, she was offered two contracts, one from MGM and one from Paramount. Torn between the two, she turned to her friend Walter Wanger for advice. In Lulu in Hollywood, her autobiography, Brooks explains that Wanger told her to take the MGM contract because if she went with Paramount, people would think it was because of their relationship. She responded, “‘You just say that because you don’t want me at Paramount.”… “And you think I’m a bad actress.’” She signed with Paramount.

When Paramount refused to treat her fairly by offering her a promised raise some years later, Brooks didn’t capitulate. She left the studio, refusing to return to Los Angeles to add voice work to the film The Canary Murder Case and taking G.W. Pabst’s offer to film Pandora’s Box in Germany instead. Paramount bosses announced that Margaret Livingston would finish the dubbing work, because Brooks didn’t have a suitable voice for talkies. Thus began a long period of Paramount and Hollywood unofficially blacklisting Brooks.

It also marked the start of what would become her most famous collaboration.

In Diary of a Lost Girl, Brooks’ Thymian is thrown into a reformatory after she refuses to marry the father of her child because she doesn’t love him. Her morals, true to her core, don’t fit with the times, and she is punished for them. At the start of the film, we see her wearing all white. She is innocent and childlike, surrounded by people in darker colors, and blissfully unaware of her effect on others. After rejecting the aforementioned marriage, she is forced into a reformatory against her will. Eventually, she escapes with a friend. With no other options, she becomes a prostitute. By chance, she runs into her father as she is being “auctioned off” on her birthday and he is embarrassed and devastated to see how she’s turned out. Shortly thereafter, he dies and Thymian blames herself. Once again, Brooks’ character is so accustomed to living in a society where the blame for tragedy is directly linked to a woman’s sexuality. She is overpowered by guilt.

In Diary of a Lost Girl, seeing her father as she's being "auctioned" off
In Diary of a Lost Girl, seeing her father as she’s being “auctioned” off

 

In Pandora’s Box, Brooks’ character Lulu is caught backstage in an intimate situation with Schon, her lover, who is engaged to another woman. This backstage scenes is so powerful in large part because of the look on Brooks’ face: indignant, challenging, and powerful. It’s the same face that stands up to Paramount and goes to Germany to film two brilliant, timeless movies. Above all, her performance registers a real note of defiance, challenging the male gaze. Following her wedding to Schon, he walks in and misinterprets Lulu’s actions with two characters: Schigloch, who she claims is her father, and a fellow performed named Quast. Schon, sure Lulu has been unfaithful, tries to convince his wife to kill herself. But in a struggle, the gun goes off and she accidentally murders him.

In Pandora’s Box, Lulu’s seduction is portrayed as manipulative, without feeling. With nowhere to turn, Lulu resorts to prostitution to survive. We are challenged by the end of the film, when she is murdered by Jack the Ripper. Is it retribution for her actions or is it a tragic circumstance? The most famous image from the film is Brooks in a black veil and dress, attending her own trial as if it were a funeral.

However, in Diary of a Lost Girl, Thymian’s innocence is overpowering. She faints multiple times during the movie after traumatic, stressful events, and even wears a crown of flowers following her confirmation at the beginning of the film. While Lulu dares us to make a judgment call, Thymian is a tragic victim of society. Ironically, both are driven to prostitution in desperation, as Louise Brooks claims to also have in real life.

Brooks and her characters were powerful women, fighting for control of their lives. In Roger Ebert’s review of Pandora’s Box, he states, “Life cannot permit such freedom, and so Brooks, in her best films, is ground down—punished for her joy.” Her real life mirrored her characters; often being punished for her freedom and feminist power.

She played one of the screen’s first bisexual characters in Pandora’s Box. She had multiple romances with directors and co-stars, Charlie Chaplin and supposedly Greta Garbo included. She was volatile, confident, both open and closed off. She was so powerful in silent film and never given the chance to show her voice in the sound era.

classic haircut
Classic haircut

 

Louise Brooks should have had a much fuller film career. After returning to Hollywood from Germany, she spent the ’30s making a few unsuccessful films and retired from Hollywood. The following decades were spent struggling to get by, battling alcoholism, relying on the loyalty of friends and even becoming a call girl in New York. However, unlike the tragic heroes in her films, she resurfaced when she met James Card, the curator at the Eastman House in Rochester, New York. He encouraged her to move to Rochester, where she started to come to terms with her past.

It was in Rochester that Louise Brooks found her voice and wrote one of the most brilliant, brutally honest memoirs, Lulu in Hollywood, in 1974. As years passed, her tragic ending morphed into being rediscovered and appreciated. Film historians, critics and movie fans praise her bold work, her erotic glances, and her unparalleled ability to evoke the truth onscreen. The world will never forget her.


Recommended ReadingLulu in HollywoodThe Chaperone, by Laura Moriary; Femmes Fatales: Feminism, Film Theory, Psychoanalysis by Mary Ann Doane


Victoria Negri is a New York City-based filmmaker/actress currently in preproduction on her first feature, Gold Star, loosely based on her relationship with her late World War II veteran father. When she’s not watching, making, or writing about movies, she’s probably running a race somewhere.

Personal website: http://victorianegri.com/

Film website: http://goldstar-film.com/

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